This article is the result of the collaborative process of designing the " Digital Commons Tutorial ".This Digital Commons Tutorial is the result of two days of workshops coordinated by Inno³ during the first edition of Numérique en commun(s ), which brought together some twenty commons actors from different backgrounds, both private and public, all of whom were eager to share their difficulties in setting up a digital commons project, and to collectively come up with possible solutions.It was then augmented by contributions collected online or produced during post-NEC workshops. A version is presented here but it is a collaborative process in progress, do not hesitate to react and increase by sharing in comments or by contributing from your personal space your feedback, your tools, your thoughts.
Introduction
Digital technology facilitates collaboration by inviting organizations from all sectors to come together under this common language. Thus, the digital transformation of organizations leads them to enter into a process of openness and collaboration, facilitated by the development of collaborative work tools. All organizations are naturally led to open up to the outside world in order to develop external projects internally and, conversely, to promote projects initiated internally. For all these reasons, players in a wide range of sectors are now taking a close interest in open models. Aware that they can no longer maintain their competitiveness by innovating alone, they want to approach the market from a new angle.
Digital technology is the source of a new impetus for the commons movement, so it is not a surprise that more and more public and private actors are joining forces to make such commons emerge as viable alternatives to the logic of the dominant digital actors.
However, this phenomenon relies on important cultural changes, so that all actors can fully benefit from and contribute to these common resources.
1. When do we talk about the digital commons?
Definition: a commons is a resource that is produced and/or maintained collectively by a community of heterogeneous actors, and governed by rules that ensure its collective and shared character.It is said to be digital when the resource is dematerialized: software, database, digital content (text, image, video and/or sound), etc.
The digital commons have new characteristics:
the use of the resource by some does not limit the possibilities of use by others (the resource is non-rival)
its preservation does not involve reserving the right to use it to a restricted community (the resource is non-exclusive).
Thus, the digital commons benefit from being shared, because this sharing directly increases the use value of the resource and also makes it possible to extend the community that will preserve it. The digital commons is thus at the origin of the development of a new kind of commons by differentiating it from the natural or material commons, which are open and shared, thus increasing their potential.
Probably the most obvious examples of digital commons, because they are used in everyday life, are the Linux operating system, the Firefox web browser and the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
More and more collaborative databases are also emerging as digital commons, such as OpenStreetMap for geographic data, Open Food Facts for food products or TelaBotanica, a true collaborative botanical encyclopedia.
The increasing digitization of different industrial sectors favors the logic of mutualization and collaboration, which is formalized by a multiplication of "sectoral" digital commons (energy, banking, mobility, health, etc.).
Références :
2. Engage in a commons approach
2.1. Why choose the digital commons model for a resource?
Sharing is generally the primary benefit of pooling a resource: sharing in terms of design time, maintenance, resources, etc. Moreover, producing a digital commons allows a resource to be set up as a reference in a domain. As the value is linked to the use that is made of it - the use by some reinforcing the value for others - its widespread adoption is a sufficient motivation in itself.
At once a driver of innovation, free competition, and open cooperation, the digital commons are accompanied by facilitated collaboration in all fields of our society, creating bridges between the private and public sectors, the for-profit and non-profit fields. At the scale of an organization, the adoption of a digital commons approach is generally linked to an awareness of the need for digital transformation, allowing the organization to strengthen its strategic assets, gain in attractiveness and attract new talent. On the scale of the resource, it is also a guarantee of sustainability, emancipation and resilience with regard to contributors.
More specifically, for a public actor, the use of the commons model has the advantage of offering greater wealth and a better distribution of the value produced by the community, but also of engaging the users of a service in a process of maintenance and development of the latter. It also allows to reinforce the accessibility to this service. In this sense, it may be interesting, from the point of view of an administration, to consider a priori any digital resource produced by it as a common good, unless this is contrary to its objectives or interests. This position is in line with the "Open Data by default" regime introduced by the Law for a Digital Republic, thus providing a framework and the necessary continuity to give meaning to these obligations.
2.2. What does the development of a digital commons commit to?
The above benefits nevertheless remain the fruits of the efforts that necessarily accompany such an approach. More than simply producing or opening a resource, the development of a digital commons project requires strong vigilance with regard to the resource, but also for the benefit of the community and its rules of governance.
The entire structuring of the commons must integrate support mechanisms, animation and practices that ensure the open and inclusive nature of the project. This requires dedicated efforts to support the arrival and retention of community members, as well as a certain number of good practices that are of interest beyond this community alone (code documentation, commenting tools, etc.).
Similarly, it is necessary to define and enforce a framework that ensures the collaborative, open and inclusive nature of the commons, so that the community of contributors and users can flourish.
Committing to the development of a commons thus requires a long-term commitment, which will only be resolved once a sufficient community has joined the project.
Référence :
If you want to go further and understand the issues and operational modalities to be designed to engage in a Digital Commons approach, consult the Digital Commons Tutorial and the associated tools from the collaborative approach conducted at Numérique(s) en Commun 2018.
The Digital Commons: an innovative model for the development of digital resources
This article is the result of the collaborative process of designing the " Digital Commons Tutorial ".This Digital Commons Tutorial is the result of two days of workshops coordinated by Inno³ during the first edition of Numérique en commun(s ), which brought together some twenty commons actors from different backgrounds, both private and public, all of whom were eager to share their difficulties in setting up a digital commons project, and to collectively come up with possible solutions.It was then augmented by contributions collected online or produced during post-NEC workshops. A version is presented here but it is a collaborative process in progress, do not hesitate to react and increase by sharing in comments or by contributing from your personal space your feedback, your tools, your thoughts.
Introduction
Digital technology facilitates collaboration by inviting organizations from all sectors to come together under this common language. Thus, the digital transformation of organizations leads them to enter into a process of openness and collaboration, facilitated by the development of collaborative work tools. All organizations are naturally led to open up to the outside world in order to develop external projects internally and, conversely, to promote projects initiated internally. For all these reasons, players in a wide range of sectors are now taking a close interest in open models. Aware that they can no longer maintain their competitiveness by innovating alone, they want to approach the market from a new angle.
Digital technology is the source of a new impetus for the commons movement, so it is not a surprise that more and more public and private actors are joining forces to make such commons emerge as viable alternatives to the logic of the dominant digital actors.
However, this phenomenon relies on important cultural changes, so that all actors can fully benefit from and contribute to these common resources.
1. When do we talk about the digital commons?
Definition: a commons is a resource that is produced and/or maintained collectively by a community of heterogeneous actors, and governed by rules that ensure its collective and shared character.It is said to be digital when the resource is dematerialized: software, database, digital content (text, image, video and/or sound), etc.
The digital commons have new characteristics:
the use of the resource by some does not limit the possibilities of use by others (the resource is non-rival)
its preservation does not involve reserving the right to use it to a restricted community (the resource is non-exclusive).
Thus, the digital commons benefit from being shared, because this sharing directly increases the use value of the resource and also makes it possible to extend the community that will preserve it. The digital commons is thus at the origin of the development of a new kind of commons by differentiating it from the natural or material commons, which are open and shared, thus increasing their potential.
Probably the most obvious examples of digital commons, because they are used in everyday life, are the Linux operating system, the Firefox web browser and the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
More and more collaborative databases are also emerging as digital commons, such as OpenStreetMap for geographic data, Open Food Facts for food products or TelaBotanica, a true collaborative botanical encyclopedia.
The increasing digitization of different industrial sectors favors the logic of mutualization and collaboration, which is formalized by a multiplication of "sectoral" digital commons (energy, banking, mobility, health, etc.).
Références :
2. Engage in a commons approach
2.1. Why choose the digital commons model for a resource?
Sharing is generally the primary benefit of pooling a resource: sharing in terms of design time, maintenance, resources, etc. Moreover, producing a digital commons allows a resource to be set up as a reference in a domain. As the value is linked to the use that is made of it - the use by some reinforcing the value for others - its widespread adoption is a sufficient motivation in itself.
At once a driver of innovation, free competition, and open cooperation, the digital commons are accompanied by facilitated collaboration in all fields of our society, creating bridges between the private and public sectors, the for-profit and non-profit fields. At the scale of an organization, the adoption of a digital commons approach is generally linked to an awareness of the need for digital transformation, allowing the organization to strengthen its strategic assets, gain in attractiveness and attract new talent. On the scale of the resource, it is also a guarantee of sustainability, emancipation and resilience with regard to contributors.
More specifically, for a public actor, the use of the commons model has the advantage of offering greater wealth and a better distribution of the value produced by the community, but also of engaging the users of a service in a process of maintenance and development of the latter. It also allows to reinforce the accessibility to this service. In this sense, it may be interesting, from the point of view of an administration, to consider a priori any digital resource produced by it as a common good, unless this is contrary to its objectives or interests. This position is in line with the "Open Data by default" regime introduced by the Law for a Digital Republic, thus providing a framework and the necessary continuity to give meaning to these obligations.
2.2. What does the development of a digital commons commit to?
The above benefits nevertheless remain the fruits of the efforts that necessarily accompany such an approach. More than simply producing or opening a resource, the development of a digital commons project requires strong vigilance with regard to the resource, but also for the benefit of the community and its rules of governance.
The entire structuring of the commons must integrate support mechanisms, animation and practices that ensure the open and inclusive nature of the project. This requires dedicated efforts to support the arrival and retention of community members, as well as a certain number of good practices that are of interest beyond this community alone (code documentation, commenting tools, etc.).
Similarly, it is necessary to define and enforce a framework that ensures the collaborative, open and inclusive nature of the commons, so that the community of contributors and users can flourish.
Committing to the development of a commons thus requires a long-term commitment, which will only be resolved once a sufficient community has joined the project.
Référence :
If you want to go further and understand the issues and operational modalities to be designed to engage in a Digital Commons approach, consult the Digital Commons Tutorial and the associated tools from the collaborative approach conducted at Numérique(s) en Commun 2018.